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World Viticulture
GIANFRANCO TEMPESTA
MONICA FIORILO
1. “MATRIX“ VITICULTURE (A1,A2)
It is due to the traits mentioned above that we have called this first settlement “Matrix Viticulture,” the basis of the “archetypes” and “prototypes” that make up the modern context (figure 4.2: Viticultural settlements in Europe, North Africa, and the Near East).
The actual types of viticulture have codified -due to historical, social and economic evolution and religious conditioning(1) (A2)-, in grapes for wine, table and dried uses (table 4.2: Vineyard surface area in Europe, the Near East, and North Africa).
Some vineyard surface areas have acquired recognized territorial values (Designation of Origin wines (DO)): others, in a territory with broader identities and less limiting restrictions (Geographical Indication wines (GI)) and lastly, the remainder dedicated to everyday wines (“table wines”).
The sector, as supported and financed, although partially, by public money, has picked up restrictions and rules along the way that limit vineyards with long-established rights (planting rights).
The combined surface areas of DOs, GIs, other wines and riserves ofplanting rights, give the “productive potential” as in table 1.a. Vineyard surface area of EU countries per type of wine and Planting Rights 2013.
(1) The disappearance of wine-grape growing in Turkey with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (1453) is a clear example, and more recently, wine-grape growing in Maghreb countries and especially in Algeria, which had over 396,000 hectares of vineyards with an annual production of about 18 million hectolitres of wine during French colonization; after the country became independent in 1962, most of the vineyards were uprooted. Islamic countries, in fact, dedicate viticulture to the production of table and dried grapes.
Another significant example is the implosion of East European viticulture as a consequence of political and socio-economic changes caused by the fall of regimes with centralised economies.
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